Учебная работа № 10619. «Реферат Политическая система общества и государство

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And Britain, as you
probably know, is considered to be a parliamentary monarchy.

The Queen is the personification of the U.K.
By law, she is the head of the executive branch, an integral part of the
legislature, the head of the  judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed
forces of the Crown and the temporal head of the established Church of England.
But in practice, as a result of a long evolutionary process, these powers have 
changed,Today, the queen acts only on the advice of her Ministers which she
cannot constitutionally ignore,In fact she reigns but she doesn’t rule.

However, the monarchy has a good deal more
power than is commonly  supposed,There remain certain discretionary powers in
the hands of the monarch, known as the Royal Prerogative.

2.     The
Ukrainian and the British Parliaments have at least four similar functions:

a) to work out legislation, including the creation of a budget;

b)   to control the government;

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d)   to influence actively the people by acquainting them openly with the
facts, concerning the accepted desisions.

The difference lies in the electoral systems
and the rules for recalling the government.

But there is also one more remarkable
peculiarity of the Ukrainian Parliament: the political history of Ukraine does
not know any potent legislative bodies (we can hardly take into account the
experience of the Soviet Congress ).

3.     Both Ukraine and Britain are
countries with the representative democracy (which means that the people
delegate power to the bodies, which act on their behalf).

The difference
is, that Britain has a parliamentary form of government, and Ukraine, in its
turn, has a so-called “semi-presidential” form,The main distinctions of this
forms are shown in the table, given below.

The British parliamentary form

The Ukrainian “semi-pesidential” form

1.     The election solves two
questions:
 On one hand, the forming of the Parliament,And on the other hand, the
creation of the Government and different coalitions.

1.     The election solves just one
question:
 Either the problem of forming the Parliament or the creation of the
Government.

2.     The Government is formed only
by the Parliament.

2.     The Government is formed by
both the President and the Parliament.

3.     The executive Power is separated.

3.     The executive Power is not
separated.

4.     Unlike Britain, Ukraine has different
bodies of legislative and executive power, and one body doesn’t interfere with
the activity of the other.

5.     The negative features of the British
system may seem to be too much power in the hands of Prime Minister and rather
uncontrolled local government.

Summary

Having compared two political systems, I
have come to the conclusion that the form and the level of development of the
systems are influenced greatly by the history of the State,The second factor
is that of evaluationary progress, which usually improves the existing order
and makes it more democratic.

Having analysed two state systems, I have
noticed the tendency towards  the reinforcement of the executive power and a
lessening of the legislative power,But still, parliament remains an integral
institution in a democratic society.

I have studied the British political
experience concerning the division of powers and I can say that with all its
originality, the British System is not something unique or exceptional,This
system should be taken as the foundation stone of the cooperation of two powers
in countries with a representative democracy.

The reason for the lasting discussion of
this problem in the Ukrainian Parliament lies not only in involving the
interests of powerful persons,Actually, it is the result of the “amateur”
level to understand this problem.

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1, Основи держави і права України, 1993

2, M.Y.Mezey   Comparative Legislatures, Durham, 1979

3, Политические исследования, Полис, 1992

4, П.О.Бех   Англійська мова,  Либідь, 1992

5, A book of Britain,  Просвещение, 1977

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